Перевод: с английского на все языки

со всех языков на английский

Со всех языков на:
Английский
С английского на:
Все языки
Испанский
Русский
Украинский
Французский

global supply

Толкование Перевод

1 global supply

Военный термин: снабжение ВС, дислоцирующихся в различных районах земного шара

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > global supply
2 global supply

снабжение ВС, дислоцирующихся в различных районах земного шара

English-Russian military dictionary > global supply
3 global supply chain

Логистика: глобальная логистическая цепочка, глобальная сеть поставщиков, глобальная система поставок, глобальная снабженческая цепочка, глобальная цепочка поставок, глобальная цепь поставок, глобальный канал поставок

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > global supply chain
4 global supply chain management

Логистика: управление глобальными цепями поставок

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > global supply chain management
5 global supply lines

Логистика: глобальные пути поставок

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > global supply lines
6 global supply lines

глобальные пути поставок

English-Russian dictionary of logistics > global supply lines
7 supply

снабжение, поставка; подвоз; подача; питание; pl. предметы снабжения; материальные средства, материалы; запас(ы) ( материальных средств) ; снабженческий груз; снабжать, поставлять; подавать; доставлять

class I A supplies (Air/inflight rations) — предметы снабжения подкласса I A (летные пайки)

class I C supplies (Combat rations) — предметы снабжения подкласса I C (боевые пайки)

class I R supplies (Refrigerated subsistence) — предметы снабжения подкласса I R (замороженные продукты питания)

class I S supplies (Nonrefrigerated subsistence less combat rations) — предметы снабжения подкласса I S (незамороженные продукты питания, исключая боевые пайки)

class I supplies (Subsistence and health and welfare items) — предметы снабжения класса I (продовольствие и санитарно-хозяйственные предметы)

class II B supplies (Ground support materiel) — предметы снабжения подкласса II B (наземное вспомогательное имущество)

class II E supplies (General supplies) — предметы снабжения подкласса II E (общие виды предметов снабжения)

class II F supplies (Clothing and textiles) — предметы снабжения подкласса II F (обмундирование и текстильные изделия)

class II M supplies (Weapons) — предметы снабжения подкласса II M (вооружение)

class II supplies (Organizational equipment) — предметы снабжения класса II (табельное имущество)

class II T supplies (Industrial Supplies) — предметы снабжения подкласса II T (промышленная продукция)

class III A supplies (Air) — предметы снабжения подкласса III A (ГСМ для авиации)

class III supplies (POL) — предметы снабжения класса III (ГСМ)

class III W supplies (Ground/surface) — предметы снабжения подкласса III W (ГСМ для наземных и надводных средств)

class IV supplies (Construction) — предметы снабжения класса IV (строительные материалы)

class IX supplies (Repair parts and components) — предметы снабжения класса IX (запасные части и компоненты)

class IX T (Industrial supplies) — предметы снабжения подкласса IX T (промышленная продукция)

class V A supplies (Air) — предметы снабжения подкласса V A (авиационные боеприпасы)

class V N supplies (Special weapons) — предметы снабжения подкласса V N (ядерные боеприпасы)

class V supplies (Ammunition) — предметы снабжения класса V (боеприпасы)

class V W supplies (Ground) — предметы снабжения подкласса V W (боеприпасы для наземных войск)

class V Z supplies (Chemical weapons) — предметы снабжения подкласса V Z (химические боеприпасы)

class VI supplies (Personal demand items) — предметы снабжения класса VI (предметы личного пользования)

class VII A supplies (Air) — предметы снабжения подкласса VII A (авиационная техника)

class VII B supplies (Ground support materiel) — предметы снабжения подкласса VII B (наземное вспомогательное оборудование и имущество)

class VII D supplies (Administrative vehicles) — предметы снабжения подкласса VII D (автотранспортные средства административно-хозяйственного назначения)

class VII G supplies (Electronics) — предметы снабжения подкласса VII G (электронное оборудование)

class VII K supplies (Tactical vehicles) — предметы снабжения подкласса VII K (военные транспортные средства)

class VII L supplies (Missiles) — предметы снабжения подкласса VII L (ракеты)

class VII M supplies (Weapon) — предметы снабжения подкласса VII M (вооружение)

class VII N supplies (Special weapons) — предметы снабжения подкласса VII N (специальные виды оружия)

class VII supplies (Major end items) — предметы снабжения класса VII (основные готовые изделия)

class VIII supplies (Medical materiel) — предметы снабжения класса VIII (медицинское имущество)

class X supplies (Materiel to support nonmilitary programs) — предметы снабжения класса X (материальные средства для невоенных программ)

common, compatible, operational interchangeable supplies — общие, совместные и взаимозаменяемые предметы текущего снабжения

— accompanying supplies

— air supply

— air-delivered supply

— airlanded supply

— airlift supplies

— ammunition supply

— amphibious supply

— armament supplies

— assault supply

— authorized supplies

— automatic supply

— balanced supply

— basic supplies

— battle supply

— be in long supply

— be in low supply

— be in short supply

— block supplies

— build-up supply

— built-in supply

— bulk supply

— combat air supply

— combat supply

— command-controlled supplies

— common supplies

— consumable supplies

— CW supplies

— daily supply

— deliver supplies

— direct supply

— diverted supplies

— draw supplies

— dump supplies

— emergency supply

— engineer supply

— essential civilian supplies

— essential supplies

— expendable supplies

— fast-moving supplies

— field supply

— field water supply

— fire-fighting supplies

— first-aid supplies

— follow-up supply

— food supply

— fuel supply

— general supplies

— global supply

— ground supply

— heavy drop supplies

— helicopter supply

— high-level supply

— housekeeping supplies

— indigenous supplies

— individual supplies

— intransit supplies

— issue supplies

— maintain supplies at an established level

— maintain supplies

— maintenance supplies

— map supply

— material supplies

— medical supply

— military water supply

— mobile supplies

— motor transport supplies

— nondeteriorating supplies

— nonexpendable supplies

— nonmilitary supplies

— nonstandard supplies

— not operationally ready supplies

— nuclear survival supplies

— on-board ammunition supplies

— on-call supply

— one-day's supply

— operational supplies

— ordnance general supplies

— ordnance supply

— organic supplies

— organizational supply

— outrun supplies

— overseas supply

— over-the-beach supply

— pick up supplies

— Post-Exchange gratuitous supplies

— prepack supplies

— prepositioned supplies

— push supplies forward

— regulated supplies

— relay supply

— render supplies unusable

— replenishment supplies

— request supply

— requisition supplies

— reserve supplies

— restricted supplies

— routine supply

— scheduled supply

— semiautomatic supply

— shore-to-shore supply

— short supplies

— signal supply

— stack supplies

— stock supplies

— store supplies

— subsistence supply

— supply by aircraft

— supply by requisitions

— tactical supply

— tally supplies

— technical supply

— troop supply

— unit supplies

— vulnerable supplies

— water supply

English-Russian military dictionary > supply
8 Global Fibre Supply Study

Экология: Глобальная модель производства древесного волокна

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Global Fibre Supply Study
9 framework of standards to secure and facilitate global trade
1. рамочные стандарты безопасности и упрощения мировой торговли
рамочные стандарты безопасности и упрощения мировой торговли
Режим, разработанный Всемирной таможенной организацией, целью которого является усиление безопасности и упрощение международной торговли. Инициатива безопасности глобальной цепочки поставок, являющаяся частью международного таможенного сообщества, призвана защищать мировую торговлю от угроз международного терроризма, организованной преступности и постоянно растущих таможенных правонарушений. В то же время она должна обеспечить создание структурированной платформы с целью упрощения передвижения разрешенных законом товаров в рамках международной торговли. Целью Рамочных стандартов является создание нового подхода к партнерским отношениям между таможней и представителями бизнеса, что, в свою очередь, поспособствует внедрению серии из 17 стандартов для обеспечения безопасности и упрощения всемирной торговли. Программа наращивания потенциала ВТАМО способствует внедрению Рамочных стандартов в мире
[Упрощение процедур торговли: англо-русский глоссарий терминов (пересмотренное второе издание) НЬЮ-ЙОРК, ЖЕНЕВА, МОСКВА 2011 год]

EN

framework of standards to secure and facilitate global trade
A regime, developed at the World Customs Organization, expected to enhance the security and facilitation of international trade. This global supply chain security initiative, on the part of the international Customs community, is aimed at protecting world trade from the threats posed by international terrorism, organized crime and ever-increasing Customs offences. At the same time it will provide a structured platform to facilitate the movement of legitimate goods being traded internationally. The Framework aims at providing a new approach to partnership between Customs and the business community, which commit together to the implementation of a series of 17 Standards regulating the security and facilitation of international trade. Worldwide implementation of the Framework is supported by a sustainable capacity-building programme (WCO)
[Trade Facilitation Terms: An English - Russian Glossary (revised second edition) NEW YORK, GENEVA, MOSCOW 2406]

Тематики
- торговля
EN
- framework of standards to secure and facilitate global trade
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > framework of standards to secure and facilitate global trade
10 overall supply

s.

oferta global.

Nuevo Diccionario Inglés-Español > overall supply
11 world supply

s.

abasto mundial, suministro global, oferta mundial.

Nuevo Diccionario Inglés-Español > world supply
12 SGSCM

Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Shell Global Supply Chain Management

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > SGSCM
13 power management
контроль потребления электроэнергии
контроль энергопотребления
—
[Интент]

Тематики
- ЦОДы (центры обработки данных)
Синонимы
- контроль энергопотребления
EN
- power management
управление электропитанием
-
[Интент]

Управление электропитанием ЦОД

Автор: Жилкина Наталья
Опубликовано 23 апреля 2009 года

Источники бесперебойного питания, функционирующие в ЦОД, составляют важный элемент общей системы его энергообеспечения. Вписываясь в контур управления ЦОД, система мониторинга и управления ИБП становится ядром для реализации эксплуатационных функций.

Три задачи

Системы мониторинга, диагностики и управления питанием нагрузки решают три основные задачи: позволяют ИБП выполнять свои функции, оповещать персонал о происходящих с ними событиях и посылать команды для автоматического завершения работы защищаемого устройства.

Мониторинг параметров ИБП предполагает отображение и протоколирование состояния устройства и всех событий, связанных с его изменением. Диагностика реализуется функциями самотестирования системы. Управляющие же функции предполагают активное вмешательство в логику работы устройства.

Многие специалисты этого рынка, отмечая важность процедуры мониторинга, считают, что управление должно быть сведено к минимуму. «Функция управления ИБП тоже нужна, но скорее факультативно, — говорит Сергей Ермаков, технический директор компании Inelt и эксперт в области систем Chloride. — Я глубоко убежден, что решения об активном управляющем вмешательстве в работу систем защиты электропитания ответственной нагрузки должен принимать человек, а не автоматизированная система. Завершение работы современных мощных серверов, на которых функционируют ответственные приложения, — это, как правило, весьма длительный процесс. ИБП зачастую не способны обеспечивать необходимое для него время, не говоря уж о времени запуска какого-то сервиса». Функция же мониторинга позволяет предотвратить наступление нежелательного события — либо, если таковое произошло, проанализировать его причины, опираясь не на слова, а на запротоколированные данные, хранящиеся в памяти адаптера или файлах на рабочей станции мониторинга.

Эту точку зрения поддерживает и Алексей Сарыгин, технический директор компании Radius Group: «Дистанционное управление мощных ИБП — это вопрос, к которому надо подходить чрезвычайно аккуратно. Если функции дистанционного мониторинга и диспетчеризации необходимы, то практика предоставления доступа персоналу к функциям дистанционного управления представляется радикально неверной. Доступность модулей управления извне потенциально несет в себе риск нарушения безопасности и категорически снижает надежность системы. Если существует физическая возможность дистанционно воздействовать на ИБП, на его параметры, отключение, снятие нагрузки, закрытие выходных тиристорных ключей или блокирование цепи байпаса, то это чревато потерей питания всего ЦОД».

Практически на всех трехфазных ИБП предусмотрена кнопка E.P.O. (Emergency Power Off), дублер которой может быть выведен на пульт управления диспетчерской. Она обеспечивает аварийное дистанционное отключение блоков ИБП при наступлении аварийных событий. Это, пожалуй, единственная возможность обесточить нагрузку, питаемую от трехфазного аппарата, но реализуется она в исключительных случаях.

Что же касается диагностики электропитания, то, как отмечает Юрий Копылов, технический директор московского офиса корпорации Eaton, в последнее время характерной тенденцией в управляющем программном обеспечении стал отказ от предоставления функций удаленного тестирования батарей даже системному администратору.

— Адекватно сравнивать состояние батарей необходимо под нагрузкой, — говорит он, — сам тест запускать не чаще чем раз в два дня, а разряжать батареи надо при одном и том же токе и уровне нагрузки. К тому же процесс заряда — довольно долгий. Все это не идет батареям на пользу.

Средства мониторинга

Производители ИБП предоставляют, как правило, сразу несколько средств мониторинга и в некоторых случаях даже управления ИБП — все они основаны на трех основных методах.

В первом случае устройство подключается напрямую через интерфейс RS-232 (Com-порт) к консоли администратора. Дальность такого подключения не превышает 15 метров, но может быть увеличена с помощью конверторов RS-232/485 и RS-485/232 на концах провода, связывающего ИБП с консолью администратора. Такой способ обеспечивает низкую скорость обмена информацией и пригоден лишь для топологии «точка — точка».

Второй способ предполагает использование SNMP-адаптера — встроенной или внешней интерфейсной карты, позволяющей из любой точки локальной сети получить информацию об основных параметрах ИБП. В принципе, для доступа к ИБП через SNMP достаточно веб-браузера. Однако для большего комфорта производители оснащают свои системы более развитым графическим интерфейсом, обеспечивающим функции мониторинга и корректного завершения работы. На базе SNMP-протокола функционируют все основные системы мониторинга и управления ИБП, поставляемые штатно или опционально вместе с ИБП.

Стандартные SNMP-адаптеры поддерживают подключение нескольких аналоговых или пороговых устройств — датчик температуры, движения, открытия двери и проч. Интеграция таких устройств в общую систему мониторинга крупного объекта (например, дата-центра) позволяет охватить огромное количество точек наблюдения и отразить эту информацию на экране диспетчера.

Большое удобство предоставляет метод эксплуатационного удаленного контроля T.SERVICE, позволяющий отследить работу оборудования посредством телефонной линии (через модем GSM) или через Интернет (с помощью интерфейса Net Vision путем рассылки e-mail на электронный адрес потребителя). T.SERVICE обеспечивает диагностирование оборудования в режиме реального времени в течение 24 часов в сутки 365 дней в году. ИБП автоматически отправляет в центр технического обслуживания регулярные отчеты или отчеты при обнаружении неисправности. В зависимости от контролируемых параметров могут отправляться уведомления о неправильной эксплуатации (с пользователем связывается опытный специалист и рекомендует выполнить простые операции для предотвращения ухудшения рабочих характеристик оборудования) или о наличии отказа (пользователь информируется о состоянии устройства, а на место установки немедленно отправляется технический специалист).

Профессиональное мнение

Наталья Маркина, коммерческий директор представительства компании SOCOMEC

Управляющее ПО фирмы SOCOMEC легко интегрируется в общий контур управления инженерной инфраструктурой ЦОД посредством разнообразных интерфейсов передачи данных ИБП. Установленное в аппаратной или ЦОД оборудование SOCOMEC может дистанционно обмениваться информацией о своих рабочих параметрах с системами централизованного управления и компьютерными сетями посредством сухих контактов, последовательных портов RS232, RS422, RS485, а также через интерфейс MODBUS TCP и GSS.

Интерфейс GSS предназначен для коммуникации с генераторными установками и включает в себя 4 входа (внешние контакты) и 1 выход (60 В). Это позволяет программировать особые процедуры управления, Global Supply System, которые обеспечивают полную совместимость ИБП с генераторными установками.

У компании Socomec имеется широкий выбор интерфейсов и коммуникационного программного обеспечения для установки диалога между ИБП и удаленными системами мониторинга промышленного и компьютерного оборудования. Такие опции связи, как панель дистанционного управления, интерфейс ADC (реконфигурируемые сухие контакты), обеспечивающий ввод и вывод данных при помощи сигналов сухих контактов, интерфейсы последовательной передачи данных RS232, RS422, RS485 по протоколам JBUS/MODBUS, PROFIBUS или DEVICENET, MODBUS TCP (JBUS/MODBUS-туннелирование), интерфейс NET VISION для локальной сети Ethernet, программное обеспечение TOP VISION для выполнения мониторинга с помощью рабочей станции Windows XP PRO — все это позволяет контролировать работу ИБП удобным для пользователя способом.

Весь контроль управления ИБП, ДГУ, контроль окружающей среды сводится в единый диспетчерский пункт посредством протоколов JBUS/MODBUS.

Индустриальный подход

Третий метод основан на использовании высокоскоростной индустриальной интерфейсной шины: CANBus, JBus, MODBus, PROFIBus и проч. Некоторые модели ИБП поддерживают разновидность универсального smart-слота для установки как карточек SNMP, так и интерфейсной шины. Система мониторинга на базе индустриальной шины может быть интегрирована в уже существующую промышленную SCADA-систему контроля и получения данных либо создана как заказное решение на базе многофункциональных стандартных контроллеров с выходом на шину. Промышленная шина через шлюзы передает информацию на удаленный диспетчерский пункт или в систему управления зданием (Building Management System, BMS). В эту систему могут быть интегрированы и контроллеры, управляющие ИБП.

Универсальные SCADA-системы поддерживают датчики и контроллеры широкого перечня производителей, но они недешевы и к тому же неудобны для внесения изменений. Но если подобная система уже функционирует на объекте, то интеграция в нее дополнительных ИБП не представляет труда.

Сергей Ермаков, технический директор компании Inelt, считает, что применение универсальных систем управления на базе промышленных контроллеров нецелесообразно, если используется для мониторинга только ИБП и ДГУ. Один из практичных подходов — создание заказной системы, с удобной для заказчика графической оболочкой и необходимым уровнем детализации — от карты местности до поэтажного плана и погружения в мнемосхему компонентов ИБП.

— ИБП может передавать одинаковое количество информации о своем состоянии и по прямому соединению, и по SNMP, и по Bus-шине, — говорит Сергей Ермаков. — Применение того или иного метода зависит от конкретной задачи и бюджета. Создав первоначально систему UPS Look для мониторинга ИБП, мы интегрировали в нее систему мониторинга ДГУ на основе SNMP-протокола, после чего по желанию одного из заказчиков конвертировали эту систему на промышленную шину Jbus. Новое ПО JSLook для мониторинга неограниченного количества ИБП и ДГУ по протоколу JBus является полнофункциональным средством мониторинга всей системы электроснабжения объекта.

Профессиональное мение

Денис Андреев, руководитель департамента ИБП компании Landata

Практически все ИБП Eaton позволяют использовать коммуникационную Web-SNMP плату Connect UPS и датчик EMP (Environmental Monitoring Probe). Такой комплект позволяет в числе прочего осуществлять мониторинг температуры, влажности и состояния пары «сухих» контактов, к которым можно подключить внешние датчики.

Решение Eaton Environmental Rack Monitor представляет собой аналог такой связки, но с существенно более широким функционалом. Внешне эта система мониторинга температуры, влажности и состояния «сухих» контактов выполнена в виде компактного устройства, которое занимает минимум места в шкафу или в помещении.

Благодаря наличию у Eaton Environmental Rack Monitor (ERM) двух выходов датчики температуры или влажности можно разместить в разных точках стойки или помещения. Поскольку каждый из двух датчиков имеет еще по два сухих контакта, с них дополнительно можно принимать сигналы от датчиков задымления, утечки и проч. В центре обработки данных такая недорогая система ERM, состоящая из неограниченного количества датчиков, может транслировать информацию по протоколу SNMP в HTML-страницу и позволяет, не приобретая специального ПО, получить сводную таблицу измеряемых величин через веб-браузер.

Проблему дефицита пространства и высокой плотности размещения оборудования в серверных и ЦОД решают системы распределения питания линейки Eaton eDPU, которые можно установить как внутри стойки, так и на группу стоек.

Все модели этой линейки представляют четыре семейства: системы базового исполнения, системы с индикацией потребляемого тока, с мониторингом (локальным и удаленным, по сети) и управляемые, с возможностью мониторинга и управления электропитанием вплоть до каждой розетки. С помощью этих устройств можно компактным способом увеличить количество розеток в одной стойке, обеспечить контроль уровня тока и напряжения критичной нагрузки.

Контроль уровня потребляемой мощности может осуществляться с высокой степенью детализации, вплоть до сервера, подключенного к конкретной розетке. Это позволяет выяснить, какой сервер перегревается, где вышел из строя вентилятор, блок питания и т. д. Программным образом можно запустить сервер, подключенный к розетке ePDU. Интеграция системы контроля ePDU в платформу управления Eaton находится в процессе реализации.

Требование объекта

Как поясняет Олег Письменский, в критичных объектах, таких как ЦОД, можно условно выделить две области контроля и управления. Первая, Grey Space, — это собственно здание и соответствующая система его энергообеспечения и энергораспределения. Вторая, White Space, — непосредственно машинный зал с его системами.

Выбор системы управления энергообеспечением ЦОД определяется типом объекта, требуемым функционалом системы управления и отведенным на эти цели бюджетом. В большинстве случаев кратковременная задержка между наступлением события и получением информации о нем системой мониторинга по SNMP-протоколу допустима. Тем не менее в целом ряде случаев, если характеристики объекта подразумевают непрерывность его функционирования, объект является комплексным и содержит большое количество элементов, требующих контроля и управления в реальном времени, ни одна стандартная система SNMP-мониторинга не обеспечит требуемого функционала. Для таких объектов применяют системы управления real-time, построенные на базе программно-аппаратных комплексов сбора данных, в том числе c функциями Softlogic.

Системы диспетчеризации и управления крупными объектами реализуются SCADA-системами, широкий перечень которых сегодня присутствует на рынке; представлены они и в портфеле решений Schneider Electric. Тип SCADA-системы зависит от класса и размера объекта, от количества его элементов, требующих контроля и управления, от уровня надежности. Частный вид реализации SCADA — это BMS-система(Building Management System).

«Дата-центры с объемом потребляемой мощности до 1,5 МВт и уровнем надежности Tier I, II и, с оговорками, даже Tier III, могут обслуживаться без дополнительной SCADA-системы, — говорит Олег Письменский. — На таких объектах целесообразно применять ISX Central — программно-аппаратный комплекс, использующий SNMP. Если же категория и мощность однозначно предполагают непрерывность управления, в таких случаях оправданна комбинация SNMP- и SCADA-системы. Например, для машинного зала (White Space) применяется ISX Central с возможными расширениями как Change & Capacity Manager, в комбинации со SCADA-системой, управляющей непосредственно объектом (Grey Space)».

Профессиональное мнение

Олег Письменский, директор департамента консалтинга APC by Schneider Electric в России и СНГ

Подход APC by Schneider Electric к реализации полномасштабного полноуправляемого и надежного ЦОД изначально был основан на базисных принципах управления ИТ-инфраструктурой в рамках концепции ITIL/ITSM. И история развития системы управления инфраструктурой ЦОД ISX Manager, которая затем интегрировалась с программно-аппаратным комплексом NetBotz и трансформировалась в портал диспетчеризации ISX Central, — лучшее тому доказательство.

Первым итогом поэтапного приближения к намеченной цели стало наращивание функций контроля параметров энергообеспечения. Затем в этот контур подключилась система управления кондиционированием, система контроля параметров окружающей среды. Очередным шагом стало измерение скорости воздуха, влажности, пыли, радиации, интеграция сигналов от камер аудио- и видеонаблюдения, системы управления блоками розеток, завершения работы сервера и т. д.

Эта система не может и не должна отвечать абсолютно всем принципам ITSM, потому что не все они касаются существа поставленной задачи. Но как только в отношении политик и некоторых тактик управления емкостью и изменениями в ЦОД потребовался соответствующий инструментарий — это нашло отражение в расширении функционала ISX Central, который в настоящее время реализуют ПО APC by Schneider Electric Capacity Manager и APC by Schneider Electric Change Manager. С появлением этих двух решений, интегрированных в систему управления реальным объектом, АРС предоставляет возможность службе эксплуатации оптимально планировать изменения количественного и качественного состава оборудования машинного зала — как на ежедневном оперативном уровне, так и на уровне стратегических задач массовых будущих изменений.

Решение APC by Schneider Electric Capacity обеспечивает автоматизированную обработку информации о свободных ресурсах инженерной инфраструктуры, реальном потреблении мощности и пространстве в стойках. Обращаясь к серверу ISX Central, системы APC by Schneider Electric Capacity Manager и APC by Schneider Electric Change Manager оценивают степень загрузки ИБП и систем охлаждения InRow, прогнозируют воздействие предполагаемых изменений и предлагают оптимальное место для установки нового или перестановки имеющегося оборудования. Новые решения позволяют, выявив последствия от предполагаемых изменений, правильно спланировать замену оборудования в ЦОД.

Переход от частного к общему может потребовать интеграции ISX Central в такие, например, порталы управления, как Tivoli или Open View. Возможны и другие сценарии, когда ISX Central вписывается и в SCADA–систему. В этом случае ISX Central выполняет роль диспетчерской настройки, функционал которой распространяется на серверную комнату, но не охватывает целиком периметр объекта.

Случай из практики

Решение задачи управления энергообеспечением ЦОД иногда вступает в противоречие с правилами устройств электроустановок (ПУЭ). Может оказаться, что в соответствии с ПУЭ в ряде случаев (например, при компоновке щитов ВРУ) необходимо обеспечить механические блокировки. Однако далеко не всегда это удается сделать. Поэтому такая задача часто требует нетривиального решения.

— В одном из проектов, — вспоминает Алексей Сарыгин, — где система управления включала большое количество точек со взаимными пересечениями блокировок, требовалось не допустить снижения общей надежности системы. В этом случае мы пришли к осознанному компромиссу, сделали систему полуавтоматической. Там, где это было возможно, присутствовали механические блокировки, за пультом дежурной смены были оставлены функции мониторинга и анализа, куда сводились все данные о положении всех автоматов. Но исполнительную часть вывели на отдельную панель управления уже внутри ВРУ, где были расположены подробные пользовательские инструкции по оперативному переключению. Таким образом мы избавились от излишней автоматизации, но постарались минимизировать потери в надежности и защититься от ошибок персонала.

[ http://www.computerra.ru/cio/old/products/infrastructure/421312/]

Тематики
- ЦОДы (центры обработки данных)
EN
- power management
энергоменеджмент
-
[Интент]

Тематики
- электроагрегаты генераторные
EN
- power management
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > power management
14 system

система; комплекс; средство; способ; метод; сеть (напр. дорог) ;

aiming-navigation system (analog, digital) — прицельно-навигационная система (аналоговая, цифровая)

air (nuclear) delivery system — авиационная система доставки (ядерного) боеприпаса (к цели)

air observation, acquisition and fire control system — (бортовая) система воздушной разведки, засечки целей и управления огнем

air support aircraft ECM (equipment) system — (бортовая) система РЭП для самолетов авиационной поддержки

airborne (ground) target acquisition and illumination laser system — ав. бортовая лазерная система обнаружения и подсветки (наземных) целей

airborne (ground) targeting and laser designator system — ав. бортовая лазерная система обнаружения и целеуказания (наземных целей)

airborne laser illumination, ranging and tracking system — ав. бортовая система лазерной подсветки, определения дальности и сопровождения цели

area defense missile system 3PK — для зональной ПВО

artillery (nuclear) delivery system — артиллерийская система доставки (ядерного) боеприпаса (к цели)

automatic (gun) laying system — автоматическая система наводки орудия

C2 system — система оперативного управления; система руководства и управления

C3 system — система руководства, управления и связи; система оперативного управления и связи

channel and message switching (automatic) communications system — АСС с коммутацией каналов и сообщений

combat service support (control) system — АСУ тыловым обеспечением (боевых действий) войск

country-fair type rotation system (of instruction) — метод одновременного обучения [опроса] нескольких учебных групп (переходящих от одного объекта изучения к другому)

dual-capable (conventional/nuclear) weapon delivery system — система доставки (обычного или ядерного) боеприпаса к цели

electromagnetic emitters identification, location and suppression system — система обнаружения, опознавания и подавления источников электромагнитных излучений [излучающих РЭС]

field antimissile (missile) system — полевой [войсковой] ПРК

fire-on-the-move (air defense) gun system — подвижный зенитный артиллерийский комплекс для стрельбы в движении [на ходу]

fluidic (missile) control system — ркт. гидравлическая [струйная] система управления полетом

forward (area) air defense system — система ПВО передового района; ЗРК для войсковой ПВО передового района

graduated (availability) operational readiness system — Бр. система поэтапной боевой готовности (частей и соединений)

high-resolution satellite IR detection, tracking and targeting system — спутниковая система с ИК аппаратурой высокой разрешающей способности для обнаружения, сопровождения целей и наведения средств поражения

ICBM (alarm and) early warning satellite system — спутниковая система обнаружения пусков МБР и раннего предупреждения (средств ПРО)

information storage, tracking and retrieval system — система накопления, хранения и поиска информации

instantaneous grenade launcher (armored vehicle) smoke system — гранатомет (БМ) для быстрой постановки дымовой завесы

large area (smoke) screening system — система постановки дымовых завес на большой площади

limited weather (capability) AA system — невсепогодный зенитный комплекс

NATO C2 Information system — АИС руководства и управления НАТО

Operational C2 Intelligence system — система оперативного руководства и управления разведкой (СВ)

plotted trajectory missile system 3PK — с наведением методом совмещения траекторий цели и ракеты

point (gas) alarm system — объектовая газосигнализаторная система

Precision Location [Locator] (and) Strike system — высокоточная система обеспечения обнаружения и поражения целей; высокоточный разведывательно-ударный комплекс

rapid deceleration (parachute) delivery system — парашютная система выброски грузов с быстрым торможением

real time, high-resolution reconnaissance satellite system — спутниковая разведывательная система с высокой разрешающей способностью аппаратуры и передачей информации в реальном масштабе времени

received signal-oriented (output) jamming signal power-adjusting ECM system — система РЭП с автоматическим регулированием уровня помех в зависимости от мощности принимаемого сигнала

sea-based nuclear (weapon) delivery system — система морского базирования доставки ядерного боеприпаса к цели

site defense (missile) system — ПРК для объектовой ПРО (для защиты ШПУ)

small surface-to-air ship self-defense (missile) system — ЗРК ближнего действия для самообороны корабля

Status Control, Alerting and Reporting system — система оповещения, контроля и уточнения состояния [боевой готовности] сил и средств

surface missile (weapon) system — наземный [корабельный] РК

target acquisition, rapid designation and precise aiming system — комплекс аппаратуры обнаружения цели, быстрого целеуказания и точного прицеливания

— AA cannon system

— AA defense system

— AA gun system

— AA missile launching warning system

— AA missile system

— AA system

— AA tank system

— AA/antimissile system

— ABM defense system

— ACE High Tropospheric Communications system

— acoustic locating system

— acquisition system

— active ECM system

— active hydroacoustic submarine surveillance system

— active illumination system

— active lighting system

— active long-range submarine detection stationary system

— adaptive control system

— adaptive moving target detection system

— adverse weather air delivery system

— aerial antiarmor system

— aerial AT weapon system

— aerial cargo delivery system

— aerial communications system

— aerial fire system

— aerial mine dispensing system

— aerial missile system

— aerial photoreconnaissance evaluation system

— aerial reconnaissance picture retrieval system

— aerial rocket system

— aerodynamic weapon system

— aeromedical system

— aerosol screening system

— aerospace system

— air bag shock absorber system

— air defense command information system

— air defense data processing and representation system

— air defense ground environment system

— air defense missile weapon system

— air defense missile/gun system

— air defense system in overwatch role

— air defense system

— air defense/AT system

— air navigation and bombing system

— air surveillance system

— air target laser tracking and ranging system

— air/ground hit recording system

— air-based antimissile system

— airborne battlefield mining system

— airborne EO target acquisition system

— airborne location and strike system

— airborne mining system

— airborne tactical data system

— airborne UV laser reconnaissance system

— airborne warning and control system

— airborne weapons system

— airborne/space-based laser space defense system

— air-breathing strategic attack system

— aircraft intercept missile system

— aircraft maintenance management information system

— aircraft mine delivery system

— aircraft vectoring system

— aircraft wake turbulence detection system

— aircraft-delivery system

— aircraft-submerged submarine laser communications system

— air-delivered scatterable minefield system

— air-deployment delivery system

— air-dropped mine splash points location radar system

— air-ground TV system

— air-launched ABM system

— airship-helicopter ultra-heavy lift system

— airspace control system

— airspace management system

— air-to-ground laser communications system

— air-to-ground pickup system

— air-to-ground weapon systems seismic scoring system

— alarm annunciation system

— alarm system

— alert notification system

— alerting telling system

— all altitude missile system

— all aspect passive IR homing guidance system

— all azimuth retaliatory system

— all weather system

— all-out war weapon system

— all-round traverse multiple rocket system

— all-source analysis system

— all-ways grenade initiating system

— alternate system

— alternative system

— ammunition feed system

— ammunition stowage and feed system

— ammunition system

— amphibious assault bulk fuel handling system

— amphibious bridging system

— analog data transmission system

— angle-measuring tank radio navigation system

— angular rate bombing system

— antiair and tactical missile system

— antiantisatellite system

— antiballistic helmet system

— anticompromise emergency destruction system

— anticountermine mobility equipment system

— antidecoy system

— antidisplacement system

— antihigh trajectory BM system

— antiinfiltration detection system

— antiintrusion detection system

— antilow trajectory BM system

— antimine container system

— antimine system

— antimissile gun system

— antimissile missile system

— antioscillation sighting system

— antipersonnel weapons system

— antiradiation homing head system

— antisatellite defense system

— antisatellite system

— antiship missile decoy system

— antiship missile defense system

— antisubmarine action data system

— antisubmarine mortar system

— antisubmarine weapon system

— antitactical BM system

— area denial weapon system

— armament system

— armed decoy penetration system

— arming system

— armor system

— armored ammunition delivery system

— armor-plating system

— arms system

— Army Authorization Documents system

— Army container-oriented distribution system

— army corps modular control system

— Army Personnel system

— Army Terrain Intelligence system

— Army Training Management system

— Army Wholesale Logistics system

— artificial intelligence system

— artillery and rocket delivered scatterable mine system

— artillery delivery area mining system

— artillery meteorological system

— artillery mining system

— artillery position detection IR-laser system

— artillery rocket system

— artillery saturation fire system

— artillery tube nuclear delivery system

— artillery type vehicle navigation system

— ASW shipborne missile system

— AT mine clearance system

— AT mine dispensing system

— AT mine-scattering system

— AT missile system

— atmosphere laser communications system

— attack sonar system

— audio and visual information electronic training system

— audio/video monitoring system

— authentication system

— automated air warfare system

— Automated Career Management system

— automated control system

— automated image data extraction system

— automated logistics data processing system

— Automated Military Justice Analysis and Management system

— automated minefield system

— automated scoring target system

— automated software system

— automated troop control system

— automated warehouse system

— automated weapon control system

— automated weapon delivery system

— automatic artillery fire control and liaison system

— automatic command system

— automatic control system

— automatic data handling system

— automatic data processing system

— Automatic Data system for the Army in the Field

— automatic elevation recovery system

— automatic fire detection and suppression system

— automatic laying angle correction system

— automatic linear positioning system

— automatic magazine handling and loading system

— automatic mine delivery system

— automatic mine scatter system

— automatic missile reload system

— automatic sound ranging system

— automatic strike recording system

— automatic survey and sighting system

— automatic time-phased downgrading and declassification system

— automatic TV tracking and AA weapon guidance system

— automatic video scoring system

— automatic weapon aiming correction system

— automotive test system

— autonomous all-weather air defense weapon system

— autonomous positioning system

— azimuth orientation system

— bacteriological attack detection system

— bacteriological weapon delivery system

— ballistic attack system

— balloon-haul ship-to-shore cargo transportation system

— ballute free-fall weapon retarding system

— bar-in-the-tube torsion suspension system

— barometric and radar altimeter readings comparison system

— barrier warfare system

— base and installation security system

— base-line system

— battery computer system

— battle dress clothing system

— battle management system

— battlefield air defense system

— battlefield computer graphics system

— battlefield data system

— battlefield illumination airborne system

— battlefield intruder alarm system

— battlefield mission management system

— battlefield nuclear support system

— battlefield support missile system

— battlefield surveillance automated ground sensor system

— beam director system

— bell-ringer communications system

— binary beam radio direction finding system

— binary lethal weapon system

— biological detection system

— black voice system

— blast-actuated nuclear detonation control system

— blowback automatic operation system

— blowback locked breech system

— blue-line reporting system

— BM rapid reload launching system

— BM submarines extremely low frequency communications system

— bomb director system

— bomb loading system

— bomb retarding system

— bomb trajectory correction system

— bombardment space weapon system

— bomb-carrier aircraft link guidance system

— bombing sighting system

— bomblet dispensing system

— boost-coast-boost system

— border observation system

— bound coordinate system

— branch quota system

— broad-band chaff decoy system

— buddy foxhole system

— buddy training system

— built-in test malfunction system

— buried and hardened cable communications system

— burst sensing fire control system

— burst-on-target training system

— candidate weapon system

— cannon artillery weapon system

— cannon remote mining system

— carbons secret writing system

— cargo extraction roller skid system

— cargo-ejection system

— cargo-extraction system

— CAS weapon system

— caseless ammunition firing system

— CBR agent/materiel detection and warning system

— central authorities system

— central tire inflation system

— central weapon system

— centralized promotion system

— chaff grenade launching system

— chaff/flare countermeasures system

— chaff/flare/expendable jammer system

— challenge and password number system

— checker board interlocking positions system

— chemical defense training system

— chemical detection system

— chemical gas analyzer mine detection system

— circuit identification system

— circuit switching system

— circular communications net system

— circular scan thermal imaging system

— civilian personnel information system

— clear-lane marking system

— close-combat antiarmor system

— closed circuit TV automatic tracking system

— closed loop support system

— closed-breech scavenger system

— close-in point defense antimissile system

— close-in self-defense tracking system

— close-in weapon system

— closely-spaced basing system

— cloud environment seeding system

— clutter environment target selection system

— clutter environment target discrimination system

— clutter false alarm control automated radar detection system

— code command system

— cold weather clothing system

— collected overpressure system

— collective NBC defense system

— color image intensification system for night vision

— combat arms regimental system

— combat direction system

— combat information and control system

— combat laser aiming system

— combat service support functional system

— combat system

— combat vehicle main armament system

— combat vehicle radio navigation system

— combat vehicle weapon system

— combined air defense weapons control system

— combined effects bomblet system

— command arming system

— command system

— communications intercept/recording system

— communications line terminal system

— communications material security control system

— communications monitoring and emitter location system

— communications plan automation system

— communications satellite system

— communications surveillance system

— communications switching system

— competitive promotion system

— complex weapon system

— computed air release point system

— computer assisted map maneuver system

— computer release weapon system

— computer-aided intelligence data retrieval system

— computerized exercise control system

— computerized fire control system

— computerized infantry battlefield training system

— computer-oriented landform classification system

— consolidated mess system

— container-ASW helicopter system

— containerized weapon control system

— container-offloading and transfer system

— continuous orbital guidance system

— continuous targeting system

— continuously set vector bombing sighting system

— contour flying system

— controllable reused manned weapon delivery system

— controlled delivery system

— controlled descent cargo drop system

— controlled dispersion multiple rocket system

— coorbital inspection system

— counter EO-threat smoke system

— counter IR spectrum devices smoke screen system

— counter system

— counterforce first strike system

— countermeasures detection and location system

— countermeasures dispenser system

— countermeasures dispensing system

— countermeasures guidance system

— countermeasures warning and control system

— counterpressure system

— countersurprise military system

— county regiment system

— credit supply system

— crew-compartment automatic fire suppression system

— crypto-secure system

— darkfire missile control system

— data multiplexing system

— data processing and presentation system

— data relay satellite system

— dead-reckoning system

— debugging system

— decoy rocket system

— dedicated intelligence link communications system

— deep interdiction system

— deep penetration weapon system

— defense effective system

— Defense Satellite Communications system

— defense suppression weapon system

— defense weapon system

— defensive nuclear weapons system

— deployment/employment mobilization status reporting system

— depth charge warhead antisubmarine rocket system

— destabilizing military system

— deterrent retaliatory system

— difference-distance measuring tank radio navigation system

— differential target-missile tracking system

— digital coherent moving target indication system

— digital data handling and distribution system

— digital data transmission system

— digital facsimile transmission system

— digital fire control system

— digital range tracking system

— digital weapon control system

— direct ascent antisatellite system

— direct ascent killer-satellite system

— direct fire antiarmor system

— direct gas operation weapon system

— directed energy beam ABM system

— directional gyrocompass tank navigation system

— disability evaluation system

— disablement feature system

— discrete detection casualty assessment system

— discrete information transmission system

— dismounted weapons system

— dispensing system

— disrupt command system

— distance-measuring tank radio navigation system

— distant mine and minefield detection system

— distributed explosives biological agent dispersal system

— disturbed line-of-sight system

— division air defense system

— division logistical system

— division maneuver system

— division supply system

— division support system

— document retrieval system

— Doppler-inertial guidance navigational and attack system

— double key system

— double-circuit radar fire control system

— double-differential steering system

— down-looking imaging IR sensing system

— drone delivery system

— drone-formation control system

— dry and wet bridging system

— dual fire control system

— dual radar system

— dual weapon system

— dual-capable artillery weapon system

— dual-capable SAM system

— dual-speciality officer personnel management system

— duel-type ABM defense system

— early biological attack identification system

— early-warning system

— Earth-based coordinate system

— Earth-centered inertial system

— ECM/ELINT system

— ECM-dispensing system

— efficiency reporting system

— electric power guided wave transmission field system

— electric power microwave ray transmission field system

— electromagnetic compatibility priority system

— electromagnetic subsurface profiling system

— electronic battlefield surveillance system

— electronic fence warning system

— electronic sentry system

— electronically keyed system

— elevation-angle track and surveillance system

— ELINT bulk gathering system

— emergency broadcast system

— emergency communications satellitelaunching rocket system

— emergency message automatic transmission system

— emerging logistics system

— emitter location and direction finding system

— emitter location system

— energy depot system

— engine winterization system

— enlisted evaluation system

— entry control system

— EO AA gunfire control system

— EO imaging system

— EO navigation bombing system

— European Exchange system

— Eurostrategic missile weapon system

— Eurostrategic system

— EW self-protection system

— excess systems

— exhaust IR suppression system

— expendables dispensing system

— expert system

— explosive safe and arming system

— explosive source parameters multisite estimation system

— FA Computer Equipment system

— face-piece-type collective protection system

— fail solution director-type fire control system

— fair-weather AT missile system

— fair-weather line-of-sight SAM system

— fast automatic shuttle transfer system

— fast reaction missile system PK

— fault-detection/location system

— fiber scope night vision system

— fiber-optics multiplexing system

— field ABM defense system

— field public address system

— field stock control system

— fighter aircraft system

— fighter direction laser system

— fighting compartment stabilization system

— fighting vehicle system

— fingerprint verification entry control system

— fire control radar system

— fire control sight system

— fire distribution and control system

— fire simulation system

— fire weapon system

— fire-explosion suppression fuel system

— fire-extinguisher system

— fire-marking system

— fixed ASW detection system

— fixed post system

— fixed-site strategic attack system

— flail mine clearance system

— Fleet operational telecommunications automated control system

— flight guidance system

— fluidic mortar repositioning system

— flying boom air refueling system

— flying weapon system

— follow-on weapon system

— foot mobile infantry AT system

— force field ABM defense system

— force status reporting system

— force supply tracking system

— forced entry deterrent system

— formal alert system

— fortification defense system

— fortified AT defense system

— fortified bunker system

— fortified defense system

— forward reconnaissance and target designation vehicle system

— forward terminal communications system

— forward-based aircraft system

— forward-based nuclear delivery system

— forward-based system

— free-ride delivery system

— front-line defense system

— fuel fire suppression system

— fuzing system

— garage system of ICBM deployment

— gas impingement system

— gas particles filter system

— generic EV/ system

— geocentric rectangular coordinate system

— geographic reference system

— glide-angle indication light system for night helicopter extracts

— global antisubmarine surveillance ocean bottom system

— global phase hyperbolic radio navigation system

— global range weapons delivery system

— global satellite warning system

— GM system

— go-no-go grading system

— grading system

— Green Arrow priority system

— grenade-launching smoke screen system

— grid coordinate system

— grid-square numbering system

— ground airborne radar picture interpretation correlation system

— ground arresting gear system

— ground EO deep space surveillance system

— ground nuclear delivery system

— ground order of battle system

— ground proximity cargo delivery system

— ground target tracking laser illumination system

— ground vehicle mine dispensing system

— ground-based antisatellite defense system

— ground-based defensive system

— ground-based ground-to-air ECM system

— ground-based ground-to-grcund ECM system

— ground-based gun aircraft unit barrage ABM defense system

— ground-based missile system

— ground-based mobile jamming system

— ground-based surveillance system

— ground-emplaced mine scattering system

— ground-emplaced sensor system

— ground-to-air engagement simulation system

— guidance reference system

— guidance system

— guided bombing system

— gun ammunition system

— gun and turret drive system

— gun sound ranging system

— gun/sight stabilization system

— gunfire locating system

— gun-rnissiie integrated weapon system

— gun-two net fire control system

— gyrocompass automatic navigation system

— hard-kill system

— hard-point defense system

— head-on and pursuit firing portable AA missile system

— heat source direction finding system

— heavy equipment transporter system

— height-of-burst sound ranging system

— helicopter air-to-air self-defense gun system

— helicopter area weapons system

— helicopter ECM system

— helicopter expedient refueling system

— helicopter mine delivery system

— helicopter moving ground target detection system

— helicopter point weapons system

— helicopter remote mining system

— helicopter terminal guidance system

— helicopter-balloon system

— helicopter-delivered mine system

— helicopter-standoff AT missile weapon system

— helmet compatible communications/aural protective system

— helmet-integrated sighting and control system

— hesitation blowback weapon system

— high clutter environment low-altitude air defense system

— high level container airdrop system

— high orbital bombardment system

— high-accuracy internal guidance stand-off system

— high-altitude relay system

— high-endoatmospheric defense system

— highly resistant to jamming system

— high-probability air defense system

— high-security data base management system

— high-speed digital information transmission system

— high-speed digital multiplexing system

— holographic surface mapping system

— holography air photography system

— homing-bomblet scattering cluster warhead projectile system

— horizontal radio altimeter control-vertical radar guidance system

— hot picture system

— hydroacoustic submarine surveillance system

— hydrographic survey and charting system

— hydrographic system

— hyperbolic radio navigational system

— hypersonic strategic defensive weapon system

— hypersonic strategic offensive weapon system

— ICBM basing system

— ICBM battle management system

— ICBM canister and shock isolation system

— ICBM continuous targeting system

— ICBM deployment system

— ICBM launcher rapid reload system

— illumination system

— imagery system

— impact initiation system

— independent recoil system

— independent vertical line-of-sight stabilization system

— independently targetable AT submissile warhead system

— indirect fire AT guided missile system

— indirect weapons locating system

— individual load-carrying system

— ineradicable features personnel characteristics verification system

— inertial control system

— inertial coordinate system

— inertial stabilization optical system

— inertial-with-terminal correction guidance and control system

— infantry direct fire simulator system

— infantry remoted target system

— in-flight data transmission system

— information accumulation storage and retrieval system

— information acquisition system

— information computation system

— information display system

— information dissemination system

— information distribution system

— information input packet switching system

— information processing system

— information retrieval system

— in-grade step system

— inspection and diagnostic system

— instantaneous remote ammunition selection system

— instinctive rifle bayonet fighting system

— integrated acoustic communications system

— integrated battle area surveillance system

— integrated communications system

— integrated defense system

— integrated fire and air support system

— integrated fire control system

— integrated information system

— Integrated Operational Nuclear Detection system

— integrated refractive effects prediction system

— integrated voice communications system

— integrated weapons control system

— integrity arming system

— intelligence community information system

— intelligence data handling system

— intelligence information retrieval system

— intercommunications system

— intermodal containerized system

— interoperable communications security system

— interphone system

— intrusion detection and identification system

— inventory control system

— IR decoy-target discrimination system

— IR decoy-target identification system

— IR gathering system

— IR intruder system

— IR intrusion system

— IR-line scanning reconnaissance system

— IR-sensors/radar air defense fire control system

— joint Air and Air Defense Control system

— joint air defense automatic control system

— joint airspace surveillance system

— Joint Army-Navy grid system

— joint in-flight data transmission system

— joint information search and retrieval system

— joint multichannel trunking and switching system

— Joint Strategic Planning system

— Joint Surveillance system

— Joint Tactical Information Distribution system

— joint tactical missile system

— killer-satellite system

— land combat support system

— land mine barrier system

— land navigation system

— land-based strike system

— land-water-air system

— laser aiming system

— laser air reconnaissance system

— laser bombing system

— laser communications satellite system

— laser engagement imitation system

— laser fire control system

— laser intrusion detection system

— laser navigation system

— laser photo reconnaissance system

— laser rangefinder-sight fire control system

— laser satellite communications system

— laser scanning reconnnaissance system

— laser security system

— laser surveying system

— laser target tracking illumination system

— laser tracking system

— laser weapon control system

— laser weapon delivery pod system

— laser weapon system

— laser-acquisition and tracking SAM system

— laser-beam guidance antimissile system

— laser-guided discrete correction AA projectile system

— laser-homing and warning system

— laser-submarine detection system

— last ditch ground-based ABM defense system

— launch-and-leave missile system

— light weight advanced night/day surveillance system

— linear linkless ammunition feed system

— linear scanning IR ground target acquisition system

— line-of-sight AT missile system

— line-of-sight microwave radio relay system

— linked ammunition feed system

— listening post/OP warning system

— lockless fire arm system

— Logistics Master Planning system

— longevity compensation system

— long-recoil system

— look-down /shoot-down system

— low-altitude navigation and targeting IR night system

— low-altitude parachute extraction system

— low-angle radar tracking system

— low-false alarm rate missile warning system

— low-level AA system

— low-level air defense system

— low-level image intensification navigation TV system

— low-level radar system

— low-level weapon delivery system

— low-light level image intensification system

— low-light level sight system

— management and control system

— military direct dial telephone system

— military system

— mobility system

— National Communications system

— National Military Command system

— officer evaluation reporting system

— offline cryptographic system

— off-road mobile ICBM system

— offset target indicator system

— on-board oxygen generation system

— on-carriage sighting system

— on-line security system

— on-off mount fire control system

— open-bay housing system

— operational automatic schedule information system

— operational command/operational control system

— operational readiness test system

— operational sensor system

— optical acquisition and tracking AA missile system

— optical fiber data transmission system

— optical track command system

— opto-electronic alpha-numeric display system

— optronic fire control system

— optronic target designation system

— orbital defense system

— orbital offensive system

— OTH backscatter radar warning system

— outdoor interphone system

— outside-the-vehicle shell case ejection system

— overhead cover support system

— overseas unit replacement system

— packet-switching communications system

— parachute retrograde air drop system

— parachute-jet landing system

— parawing precision aerial delivery system

— partially space-based ABM defense system

— passive ECM system

— passive hydroacoustic submarine surveillance system

— passive thermic image night-aiming system

— payload deployment system

— performance management system

— performance measurement system

— perimeter acquisition radar attack characterization system

— Periodic Armaments Planning system

— periscope TV camera system

— permissive action link system

— personnel classification system

— personnel environment support system

— personnel management accounting and reporting system

— phased-array radar fire control system

— photogrammetric target location system

— pilot system

— pilot-aircraft-media system

— planning army authorization document system

— pneumatic and inertia arming system

— pneumatic fuel transport system

— point deployment system

— point target BM laser homing system

— portable airfield system

— portable decoy launcher system

— position location and reporting system

— post-boost control system

— press-to-talk system

— primary alerting system

— primary direct fire control system

— priority system for mission requests for tactical reconnaissance

— priority system

— privacy communications system

— program change control system

— projectile location system

— pulse energy detonation system

— PW Information system

— pyramidal structure hierarchic automated control system

— radar bombing system

— radar early warning and control system

— radar homing and warning system

— radar information transmission system

— radar scattering screening system

— radar system

— radar track command system

— radar warning receiver/processor system

— radar-controlled breeched AA weapon system

— radar-version microwave mine detection system

— radio frequency surveillance/ECM system

— radio/radar tracking and guidance system

— radiological defense support system

— radiological defense warning system

— radiotelephone and telephone authentication system

— random access personnel information system

— random-orbiting counter satellite barrage system

— range correction system

— range finding system

— rapid smoke screen system

— rapid sweep vehicular AT mine detection system

— rapid-fire artillery system

— real time intelligence data processing system

— rearm system

— receiver-responder/inertial guidance integrated system

— recognized air picture system

— recoilless-tube weapon system

— reconnaissance/strike system

— record keeping system

— recruit quota system

— Red/Black voice switching system

— redundant communications system

— regional airspace control system

— relative tank-target motion correction armament stabilization system

— remote antiarmor mine system

— remote artillery antiarmor mining system

— remote control explosive ordnance reconnaissance and disposal system

— remote ICBM retargeting system

— remote mine delivery system

— remote mining system

— remote pop-up target system

— remotely monitored battlefield sensor system

— remotely piloted observation/designation system

— remotely-controlled explosive boat system

— reporting system

— reports control system

— resource capability assessment system

— resource management system

— Retain system

— retarded flare system

— retractable missile launching system

— rifle-light MG system

— rifleman's assault system

— rocket command system

— rocket system

— rocket-assisted mine-clearing system

— rocket-assisted parachute system

— roller mine clearance system

— roller-locked bolt system

— rotor-mast-mounted target acquisition system

— RPV and ground station-based multichannel information transmission system

— running key system

— SAC operational planning system

— SAC operations planning system

— safeguards system

— safety and arming system

— satellite attack warning system

— satellite communications system

— satellite data relay system

— satellite destruction system

— satellite detection radar system

— satellite ground terminal system

— satellite identification system

— satellite inspection system

— satellite intercept and destruction system

— satellite radio navigation system

— satellite returning fire system

— satellite surveillance system

— satellite verification system

— satellite warning system

— satellite/aircraft ocean surveillance system

— satellite-based defense system

— satellite-borne surveillance system

— saturation firing weapon system

— scaled-range target system

— scatterable mine system

— scenario-oriented recurring evaluation system

— schedule control assault system

— scrambled speech communications system

— scrambling communications system

— screening ABM defense system

— sea surveillance satellite system

— sea-based strategic nuclear deterrent system

— sea-denial system

— sea-launched BM warning and display system

— sealed authentication system

— search and rescue satellite system

— see-and-shoot firing system

— selected calling system

— selective routing system

— selective service system

— self-contained system

— self-defense air defense system

— self-defense EW system

— self-defense jamming system

— self-defense system

— self-deployable weapon system

— semiactive low-rate sampled data system

— semicentralized promotion system

— semifixed SAM system

— semistationary ground missile system

— semistationary SAM system

— seniority cadetship system

— serial fire rifle system

— ship air defense system

— shipborne air defense missile system

— shipborne missile system

— shipping ASW/air defense container system

— ship-to-air missile system

— ship-to-submarine underwater telephone system

— short-pulse mode radar mine detection system

— short-range SAM system

— shuttle spacecraft system

— signal collecting system

— single channel ground and airborne radio system

— single missile channel SAM system

— single target channel SAM system

— single tube missile system PK

— single-component officer system

— single-mission weapon system

— site protection system

— Small Elevation Angle Track and Surveillance system

— small SAM system

— smoke discharger system

— snap and go guidance system

— sniper rifle system

— soft landing rocket system

— software driven system

— sonobuoy reference system

— sound ranging system

— sound surveillance system

— SP AA gun system

— Space Detection and Tracking system

— space surveillance intelligence system

— space transportation system

— space warning system

— space weapon system

— space-based attack alarm system

— space-based counterspace and Earth target combat system

— space-based laser ABM system

— space-borne ABM system

— space-borne bomber IR detection and tracking system

— space-borne early warning system

— space-borne ICBM interception system

— space-borne ICBM launch system

— space-borne laser transmission system

— space-borne weapon system

— speech security system

— spent-case ejection system

— spherical coordinate system

— spinning and stabilization system

— spot report receiver system

— spread-spectrum communications system

— spurious emission detection system

— Squad Combat Optical Evaluation system

— stabilized line-of-sight sighting system

— stabilized sight fire control system

— Standard Civilian Personnel Management Information system

— Standard Installation/Division Personnel system

— standby selective service system

— standoff ECM system

— star aiming system

— star war weapon system

— state-of-the-art system

— stationary ground missile system

— Stealth-like ECM system

— stellar correction system

— stellar navigation system

— stores management system

— Strategic Army Communications system

— strategic communications satellite system

— strategic communications system

— strategic defensive weapon system

— strategic delivery system

— strategic interplanetary system

— strategic missile system

— strategic nuclear delivery system

— strategic nuclear weapon system

— strategic offensive weapon system

— strategic retaliatory system

— strategic satellite system

— strategic shipborne missile system

— strategic war reconnaissance system

— strategic warning system

— strategic weapon system

— strike system

— Submarine Integrated Battle and Data system

— submissile dispensing system

— submunitions delivery system

— superminiature laser communications system

— super-precision laser guidance system

— support system

— surface effects system

— surface rectangular coordinate system

— surface towed array surveillance system

— surface-to-air missile system

— surface-to-air self-defense missile system

— surveillance and detection system

— surveillance and target attack radar system

— surveillance satellite system

— surveying system

— survivable system

— suspense system

— switchless telephone system

— synchronous bombing sighting system

— synchronous satellite communications system

— synthetic flight training system

— system BM airborne launch control system

— tactical air control system

— tactical air crew training system

— tactical air defense automatic control system

— Tactical Air Force Intelligence Exploitation system

— tactical air reconnaissance pod system

— tactical air reconnaissance results reporting system

— tactical air support control system

— tactical airborne signal exploitation system

— tactical area communications system

— tactical automatic routing exchange system

— tactical automatic switching system

— tactical bridge access system

— tactical bridge egress system

— tactical communications system

— tactical computer system

— tactical computer-based message switching system

— tactical control system

— tactical electronic locating and targeting system

— tactical emitter location and identification system

— Tactical Emitter Operational Support system

— tactical EW deception system

— tactical expendable drone system

— tactical information organization system

— tactical information processing and interpretation system

— tactical jamming system

— tactical landing system

— tactical missile navigation system

— tactical nuclear delivery system

— tactical operations interactive simulation system

— tactical operations system

— tactical surface-to-surface weapon system

— tactical trunk communications system

— tail warning system

— tail-chase portable air defense missile system

— tank emergency fuel evacuation system

— tank engine exhaust smoke system

— tank fire control IR system

— tank fire control laser system

— tank gun line-of-sight reference stabilization system

— tank IFF system

— tank passive pitch and roll damping system

— tank self-protective smoke system

— tank self-screening smoke system

— tank target video tracking system

— tank weapon system

— tape-controlled automatic test and checkout system

— target illumination system

— target physical vulnerability analysis system

— target range system

— target recognition and attack multisensor system

— target search and track system

— target search IR system

— target system

— target trajectory registration system

— target-missile optical tracking AT guided missile system

— telegraph automatic relay system

— telemetry automated processing system

— telephone analyzing antibugging system

— teletype broadcast system

— terminal operations and movements management system

— terrain contour mapping aircraft positioning system

— terrain independent system

— terrain matching radio navigation system

— terrain navigation system

— terrain reconnaissance IR scanning system

— torpedo warhead antisubmarine rocket system

— torsion bars-in-torsion tubes suspension system

— total hospitalization system

— towed hydroacoustic submarine surveillance system

— towed low-level air defense system

— toxic alarm system

— tracked ammunition delivery system

— tracked vehicle-based missile system

— trailer relay system

— turnkey system

— two-tier information system

— vehicle gas overpressure system

— vehicle navigation system

— vehicle rapid fire weapon system

— vehicle smoke grenade system

— vehicular minefield bridging system

— velocity coordinate system

— verification system

— vertical delivery ship underway replenishment system

— vertical launching system

— vertical stowage system

— very intelligent surveillance and target acquisition system

— vibrational sensor guard alarm system

— visual warning system

— voice warning system

— voice-ciphering system

— voluntary recruitment system

— war weapon system

— warehoused system

— warfare system

— warhead pitch and yaw control nozzle system

— warning system

— wartime supply system

— waterborne vehicle trainer system

— weapons control system

— weapons delivery system

— weapons effects display system

— weapons locating system

— weapons support system

— weapons system

— wet secret writing system

— wheeled vehicle-based missile system

— wideband communications system

— wire system

— world geographic reference system

— worldwide ammunition reporting system

— worldwide navigation and position location system

— worldwide standard data management system

— X-ray ABM system

— X-Y system

English-Russian military dictionary > system
15 GSS

1) Общая лексика: hum. сокр. Genome Survey Sequence, Guaranteed Standards Scheme

2) Компьютерная техника: Guided Self Scheduling, gated sequential service discipline

3) Медицина: Gerstmann-Straussler-Schenker Syndrome

4) Спорт: Gamaliel Shooting Supply

5) Военный термин: General Security Service, General Supply Support, General System Specification, Global Support System, general service school, general supply schedule, global surveillance system, ground support system, guidance system simulator

6) Техника: global surveillance station, ground sensor system, ground support software

7) Телекоммуникации: Group Switching Subsystem

8) Сокращение: Gamma Scintillation System, Generalised Simulation / Stimulation system, Ground Support Subsystem, grid sheet survey, Geological Science Society ( Научное геологическое общество)

9) Вычислительная техника: Group Support System, Generic Security Service (IETF, GSS-API)

10) Вирусология: genotypic susceptibility score (генотипический индекс чувствительности)

11) Сетевые технологии: General Security Services

12) Расширение файла: Geometer's Sketchpad Script file

13) Нефть и газ: gas supply security

14) Аэропорты: Sabi Sabi, South Africa

15) СМС: Generic Security Service

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > GSS
16 near cash

!

гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.

Introduction

This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.

Principles of the framework

The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:
"
consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;
" "
the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;
" "
strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and
"
the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.

The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:
"
the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and
"
the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.

Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.

Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)

The framework for public expenditure is divided between
"
Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and
"
Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.

More information about DEL and AME is set out below.

back to top

Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL)

In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.

To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.

Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.

Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.

There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.

Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME)

AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.

AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.

AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.

Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.

Total Managed Expenditure

Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.

back to top

Resource Accounting and Budgeting ( RAB)

Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets.
"
Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest.
"
Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:
"
Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and
"
Administration Budgets (see below)

Administration Budgets

The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.

Spending Reviews

The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.

The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.

Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.

The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:
"
provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;
" "
enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;
" "
introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and
"
not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.

back to top

Comprehensive Spending Review 2007

To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.

A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:
"
an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;
" "
an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;
" "
to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with
"
further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.

The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.

Obtaining good performance

Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.

The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.

Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.

Departmental Investment Strategies (DISs)

To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.

This document was updated on 19 December 2005.

Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money

————————————————————————————————————————

Page 5
"
GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money
"
————————————————————————————————————————

Page 6

GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money

————————————————————————————————————————

Page 7

GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.

————————————————————————————————————————

Page 8

64Managing Public Money

Англо-русский экономический словарь > near cash
17 GPS

1) Общая лексика: Глобальная товарная стратегия (Global Product Stewardship)

2) Компьютерная техника: generalized prediction checker

3) Военный термин: Geographical Positioning System, Grid Producing Source, Ground Processing Stations, Gunners Primary Sight, general-purpose shelter, global-positioning satellite, ground positioning system, guidance power supply, gun position sensor, глобальная система навигации и определения местоположения, глобальная система определения координат

4) Техника: groups of pulses per second

5) Шутливое выражение: Giant Penguin Slingshot, Girlfriend Positioning System

6) Юридический термин: Global Positioning Systems

7) Автомобильный термин: governor pressure sensor

8) Грубое выражение: Global Perpetuation Of Stupidity

9) Телекоммуникации: глобальная система определения местоположения

10) Сокращение: Global Position System (formerly NAVSTAR), Global Positioning Satellite, Global Protection System, Ground Playback Station, Gunner's Primary Sight, gallon per second, general problem solver, general purpose submarine, геометрические характеристики изделия (Geometrical Product Specification)

11) Вычислительная техника: graphic signal processor, Global Positioning System (Space), процессор графических сигналов, универсальная система

12) Нефть: global position System/Sattelite, global position system/satellite, галлонов в секунду (gallons per second), число галлонов в секунду (gallons per second)

13) Рыбоводство: ГЛС, Глобальная локационная система

14) Космонавтика: geopositioning system, Global Positioning System (USA)

15) Геофизика: система спутниковой навигации

16) Транспорт: General Pavement Studies, Going Perfectly Straight, система контроля местонахождения транспортных средств (Global Positioning System)

17) Энергетика: GPP, geoPP, geoPS, geothermal power plant, geothermal power station, геоЭС, геотермальная электростанция, геотермическая электростанция

18) Деловая лексика: Global Performance System

19) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: ground positioning satellite (satellite positioning and navigation network developed by the U.S. Department of Defense), геодезический спутник (global positioning satellite), определение положения на местности с помощью искусственного спутника (Ground Positioning Satellite), Global Positioning System (satellite positioning and navigation network developed by the U.S. Department of Defense), Добыча и Реализация Газа

20) Промышленность: Geometrical Product Specifications

21) Сетевые технологии: general-purpose system, global positioning system

22) Сахалин Р: Ground Positioning Satellite

23) Химическое оружие: gas processing system

24) Макаров: global position system

25) Расширение файла: Global Positioning Satellite/System, Global Product Specification

26) Нефть и газ: gas power station, group pumping station, Государственная противопожарная служба МВД России, Global Potential Survey, ГПС, ГПС МВД

27) Военно-политический термин: global positioning system

28) Карачаганак: кустовая насосная станция (group pumping station)

29) Антарктика: Глобальная система позиционирования

30) Высокочастотная электроника: Global Positioning System/Satellite

31) NYSE. The Gap, Inc.

32) СМС: Go Perfectly Straight

33) Парашютный спорт: мировая спутниковая позиционная система

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > GPS
18 GS

1) Компьютерная техника: Getting Started, Global Send, Global Service, Graphics And Sound

2) Американизм: Gas Standard, General Standard, Government Sector

3) Спорт: Game Shares, Game Spot, Gaming Surface, Gaming System, Goal Shooter, Grand Slam, Grand Sport, Great Shot

4) Военный термин: General, General Staff, (2) General Support, Geological Survey, German Submarine, Ghost Soldiers, Gold Stripes, Good Shot, Government Civilian, Great Snipers, Great Soldiers, gasoline supply, general schedule, general service, general stores, grade system, ground speed, ground support, ground surveillance, guidance simulator, guidance station, guidance system, gunnery school, gunnery sergeant, gunnery support, Government Service (Federal Civil Service)

5) Техника: Geological Society, gas chromatography, gas signal, gateway switch, general search, general shot, gland seal, gland steam system, glide slope receiver, gram per second, graphic system, gray scale, green strength, guidance section, gyrostabilizer

6) Сельское хозяйство: growth stage (фаза роста и развития (растения), например GS30, GS21 to GS59)

7) Шутливое выражение: Ghost Sweeper

8) Химия: Gold And Silver

9) Математика: Gauss Seidell, General Solution, Graph Substitution

10) Юридический термин: Gang Suppression

11) Биржевой термин: Got Savings, Growing Stock

12) Ветеринария: German Shepherd

13) Грубое выражение: Go Sexy, Goddamned Slow

14) Металлургия: оцинкованная сталь в листах (galvanized sheets)

15) Музыка: Group Sounds, Guitar Steel

16) Радио: Ground State

17) Телекоммуникации: Ground Start, Generic Standards

18) Сокращение: General Secretary, General Staff, Glide Slope, Government Service, Grammar School, South Georgia & South Sandwich Islands, general support, government stock (s)

19) Текстиль: Gallery Special, Girls Sandal, God Sized, Guy Special

20) Университет: Graduate School, Graduate Student, Graduation Standard

21) Физика: Gamma Stable, Glazed Surfaces

22) Электроника: Game Sounds, Graphics Sound

23) Вычислительная техника: general station, grayscale, General Standard (MIDI), генеральный стандарт, шкала серого цвета

24) Нефть: gas show, Геологическое общество (США), газовая хроматография (gas chromatography), газопроявления (gas showings), признаки газа (gas showings), ГУ (групповая установка) (Gathering Station)

25) Космонавтика: Geological Survey (USA)

26) Картография: guard station

27) Банковское дело: государственные облигации, государственные ценные бумаги (government stocks)

28) Транспорт: Goes Slow, Grand Sports, Gravel Street, Great Sedan

29) Пищевая промышленность: Green Stuffing

30) Фирменный знак: Gas Station, Gentoo Stable, Gift Shop, Goldman Sachs, Graphical Solutions

31) Экология: groundwater station

32) Деловая лексика: General Satisfaction, Good Service, Guaranteed Service

33) Бурение: газопроявление (gas show)

34) Инвестиции: government stocks

35) Сетевые технологии: Gateway Server, Global Server, Global Shared, ground station, group separator, разделитель групп

36) Полимеры: German silver

37) Океанография: Gulf Shelf

38) Сахалин Ю: sour gas

39) Сахалин А: gas chromatograph

40) Макаров: gyroscope

41) Расширение файла: Gofer script (Haskell language dialect)

42) Нефть и газ: gas supply (m3/day), подача газа, поставка газа

43) Строительные материалы: grade strength

44) Электротехника: generator simulator

45) Имена и фамилии: George Schmidt, George Stanford, Gordon Smith

46) Компьютерные игры: Great sword

47) Общественная организация: Guild Statistics

48) Должность: Gender Studies, General Studies, Gun Smith

49) Чат: Good And Slow, Good Seeing, Goto Sleep

50) Правительство: Garden State, Golden State

51) NYSE. Goldman Sachs Group, Inc.

52) НАСА: Ground System

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > GS
19 Gs

1) Компьютерная техника: Getting Started, Global Send, Global Service, Graphics And Sound

2) Американизм: Gas Standard, General Standard, Government Sector

3) Спорт: Game Shares, Game Spot, Gaming Surface, Gaming System, Goal Shooter, Grand Slam, Grand Sport, Great Shot

4) Военный термин: General, General Staff, (2) General Support, Geological Survey, German Submarine, Ghost Soldiers, Gold Stripes, Good Shot, Government Civilian, Great Snipers, Great Soldiers, gasoline supply, general schedule, general service, general stores, grade system, ground speed, ground support, ground surveillance, guidance simulator, guidance station, guidance system, gunnery school, gunnery sergeant, gunnery support, Government Service (Federal Civil Service)

5) Техника: Geological Society, gas chromatography, gas signal, gateway switch, general search, general shot, gland seal, gland steam system, glide slope receiver, gram per second, graphic system, gray scale, green strength, guidance section, gyrostabilizer

6) Сельское хозяйство: growth stage (фаза роста и развития (растения), например GS30, GS21 to GS59)

7) Шутливое выражение: Ghost Sweeper

8) Химия: Gold And Silver

9) Математика: Gauss Seidell, General Solution, Graph Substitution

10) Юридический термин: Gang Suppression

11) Биржевой термин: Got Savings, Growing Stock

12) Ветеринария: German Shepherd

13) Грубое выражение: Go Sexy, Goddamned Slow

14) Металлургия: оцинкованная сталь в листах (galvanized sheets)

15) Музыка: Group Sounds, Guitar Steel

16) Радио: Ground State

17) Телекоммуникации: Ground Start, Generic Standards

18) Сокращение: General Secretary, General Staff, Glide Slope, Government Service, Grammar School, South Georgia & South Sandwich Islands, general support, government stock (s)

19) Текстиль: Gallery Special, Girls Sandal, God Sized, Guy Special

20) Университет: Graduate School, Graduate Student, Graduation Standard

21) Физика: Gamma Stable, Glazed Surfaces

22) Электроника: Game Sounds, Graphics Sound

23) Вычислительная техника: general station, grayscale, General Standard (MIDI), генеральный стандарт, шкала серого цвета

24) Нефть: gas show, Геологическое общество (США), газовая хроматография (gas chromatography), газопроявления (gas showings), признаки газа (gas showings), ГУ (групповая установка) (Gathering Station)

25) Космонавтика: Geological Survey (USA)

26) Картография: guard station

27) Банковское дело: государственные облигации, государственные ценные бумаги (government stocks)

28) Транспорт: Goes Slow, Grand Sports, Gravel Street, Great Sedan

29) Пищевая промышленность: Green Stuffing

30) Фирменный знак: Gas Station, Gentoo Stable, Gift Shop, Goldman Sachs, Graphical Solutions

31) Экология: groundwater station

32) Деловая лексика: General Satisfaction, Good Service, Guaranteed Service

33) Бурение: газопроявление (gas show)

34) Инвестиции: government stocks

35) Сетевые технологии: Gateway Server, Global Server, Global Shared, ground station, group separator, разделитель групп

36) Полимеры: German silver

37) Океанография: Gulf Shelf

38) Сахалин Ю: sour gas

39) Сахалин А: gas chromatograph

40) Макаров: gyroscope

41) Расширение файла: Gofer script (Haskell language dialect)

42) Нефть и газ: gas supply (m3/day), подача газа, поставка газа

43) Строительные материалы: grade strength

44) Электротехника: generator simulator

45) Имена и фамилии: George Schmidt, George Stanford, Gordon Smith

46) Компьютерные игры: Great sword

47) Общественная организация: Guild Statistics

48) Должность: Gender Studies, General Studies, Gun Smith

49) Чат: Good And Slow, Good Seeing, Goto Sleep

50) Правительство: Garden State, Golden State

51) NYSE. Goldman Sachs Group, Inc.

52) НАСА: Ground System

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Gs
20 gps

1) Общая лексика: Глобальная товарная стратегия (Global Product Stewardship)

2) Компьютерная техника: generalized prediction checker

3) Военный термин: Geographical Positioning System, Grid Producing Source, Ground Processing Stations, Gunners Primary Sight, general-purpose shelter, global-positioning satellite, ground positioning system, guidance power supply, gun position sensor, глобальная система навигации и определения местоположения, глобальная система определения координат

4) Техника: groups of pulses per second

5) Шутливое выражение: Giant Penguin Slingshot, Girlfriend Positioning System

6) Юридический термин: Global Positioning Systems

7) Автомобильный термин: governor pressure sensor

8) Грубое выражение: Global Perpetuation Of Stupidity

9) Телекоммуникации: глобальная система определения местоположения

10) Сокращение: Global Position System (formerly NAVSTAR), Global Positioning Satellite, Global Protection System, Ground Playback Station, Gunner's Primary Sight, gallon per second, general problem solver, general purpose submarine, геометрические характеристики изделия (Geometrical Product Specification)

11) Вычислительная техника: graphic signal processor, Global Positioning System (Space), процессор графических сигналов, универсальная система

12) Нефть: global position System/Sattelite, global position system/satellite, галлонов в секунду (gallons per second), число галлонов в секунду (gallons per second)

13) Рыбоводство: ГЛС, Глобальная локационная система

14) Космонавтика: geopositioning system, Global Positioning System (USA)

15) Геофизика: система спутниковой навигации

16) Транспорт: General Pavement Studies, Going Perfectly Straight, система контроля местонахождения транспортных средств (Global Positioning System)

17) Энергетика: GPP, geoPP, geoPS, geothermal power plant, geothermal power station, геоЭС, геотермальная электростанция, геотермическая электростанция

18) Деловая лексика: Global Performance System

19) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: ground positioning satellite (satellite positioning and navigation network developed by the U.S. Department of Defense), геодезический спутник (global positioning satellite), определение положения на местности с помощью искусственного спутника (Ground Positioning Satellite), Global Positioning System (satellite positioning and navigation network developed by the U.S. Department of Defense), Добыча и Реализация Газа

20) Промышленность: Geometrical Product Specifications

21) Сетевые технологии: general-purpose system, global positioning system

22) Сахалин Р: Ground Positioning Satellite

23) Химическое оружие: gas processing system

24) Макаров: global position system

25) Расширение файла: Global Positioning Satellite/System, Global Product Specification

26) Нефть и газ: gas power station, group pumping station, Государственная противопожарная служба МВД России, Global Potential Survey, ГПС, ГПС МВД

27) Военно-политический термин: global positioning system

28) Карачаганак: кустовая насосная станция (group pumping station)

29) Антарктика: Глобальная система позиционирования

30) Высокочастотная электроника: Global Positioning System/Satellite

31) NYSE. The Gap, Inc.

32) СМС: Go Perfectly Straight

33) Парашютный спорт: мировая спутниковая позиционная система

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > gps

Страницы

См. также в других словарях:

Global Supply Systems — Global Supply Systems … Deutsch Wikipedia
Global Supply Chain Finance — A global supply chain refers to the network created among different world wide companies producing, handling, and distributing specific goods and/or products.Global supply chain finance refers to the set of solutions available for financing the… … Wikipedia
Global Supply Systems — Infobox Airline airline = Global Supply Systems logo size = fleet size = 3 destinations = IATA = XH ICAO = GSS callsign = JET LIFT parent = company slogan = founded = 2001 headquarters = London Stansted Airport key people = hubs = London Stansted … Wikipedia
Supply chain management — (SCM) is the process of planning, implementing and controlling the operations of the supply chain as efficiently as possible. Supply Chain Management spans all movement and storage of raw materials, work in process inventory, and finished goods… … Wikipedia
Supply chain security — refers to efforts to enhance the security of the supply chain: the transport and logistics system for the world s cargo. It combines traditional practices of supply chain management with the security requirements of the system, which are driven… … Wikipedia
Supply chain — A supply chain or logistics network is the system of organizations, people, technology, activities, information and resources involved in moving a product or service from supplier to customer. Supply chain activities transform natural resources,… … Wikipedia
Supply management — The term supply management describes the methods and processes of modern corporate or institutional buying. This may be for the purchasing of supplies for internal use, purchasing raw materials for the consumption during the manufacturing process … Wikipedia
Global sourcing — is a term used to describe strategic sourcing in today s global setting. Most companies now include global sourcing as part of their procurement strategy. Global sourcing often aims to exploit global efficiencies in the delivery of a product or… … Wikipedia
Global labor arbitrage — is an economic phenomenon where, as a result of the removal of or disintegration of barriers to international trade, jobs move to nations where labor is inexpensive and/or relatively impoverished labor moves to nations with relatively higher… … Wikipedia
Global strategic petroleum reserves — ( GSPR ) refer to crude oil inventories (or stockpiles) held by the government of a particular country, as well as private industry, for the purpose of providing economic and national security during an energy crisis. According to the United… … Wikipedia
Global health — is a field at the intersection of several social science disciplines demography, economics, epidemiology, political economy and sociology. It focuses on determinants and distribution of health in international contexts. The term global health… … Wikipedia

Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: с английского на все языки

global supply

Тематики

EN

Тематики

Синонимы

EN

Управление электропитанием ЦОД

Тематики

EN

Тематики

EN

См. также в других словарях:

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: с английского на все языки

global supply

Тематики

EN

Тематики

Синонимы

EN

Управление электропитанием ЦОД

Тематики

EN

Тематики

EN

См. также в других словарях:

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Прямая ссылка: